Effect of idazoxan on permeability of blood-brain barrier and expression of MMP-9/TIMP-1 in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

AIM：To study the effect of idazoxan (IDA) on the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).METHODS：Female C57BL/6 mice (n=36) were randomly divided into control group, EAE group and IDA group, with 12 mice in each group. EAE was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55). IDA (2 mg/kg, ip, bid) was administered for 15 d after immunization. The neurological defects of the mice were observed daily and scored. The pathological changes were observed under microscope with HE staining and LFB myelin staining. The BBB permeability was detected by Evans blue extravasation. The expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the brain of EAE mice was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS：Compared with EAE group, the score of neurological defects in IDA group was decreased, the inflammation was relieved, the BBB permeability was reduced, and the expression MMP-9 and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION：The neuroprotective effect of IDA on mouse EAE might be related to the down-regulation of MMP-9 and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1, thus reducing the degradation of BBB and the permeability of BBB, and ameliorating the pathologic process of EAE.     

我国农业害虫物理防治研究与应用进展

自1949年以来,我国的植物保护理论和技术研究取得了巨大进步,物理防治作为重要的害虫绿色防控技术,在基础理论研究与应用技术及产品创新领域也取得了一系列重要进展。该文综述了新中国成立后我国灯光诱控、色板诱控、物理阻隔、温度控制、辐照不育等害虫物理防治的理论、技术、设备和应用研究的重要成果,并对农业害虫物理防治的未来发展方向进行展望,以期为建立现代植保技术体系,保障我国的粮食安全、环境安全和农业可持续发展提供参考。     

Cost analysis of sand barriers in desertified regions based on the land grid division model

Sand barriers are the most widely used mechanical implements for wind-blown sand control and desertification prevention. However, there is no standard quantitative cost analysis of the sizes and materials required for sand barriers. In this study, based on the original land grid division model for optimal resource utilization, we calculated the total side lengths of square and regular hexagonal sand barriers with the sizes of 1.0 m×1.0 m, 2.0 m×2.0 m, and 3.0 m×3.0 m in a desertified region of the Shapotou area on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert, China. Then, through literature review and social survey, we obtained the material cost and material utilization amount of sand barriers with different materials and sizes. Finally, we calculated the costs of square and regular hexagonal sand barriers comprised of wheat straw, corn stalk, Salix mongolica, poly lactic acid, magnesium cement, and high-density polyethylene, with the sizes of 1.0 m×1.0 m, 2.0 m×2.0 m, and 3.0 m×3.0 m. The results show that the material cost of regular hexagonal corn stalk sand barriers with the size of 3.0 m×3.0 m is the lowest, while the material cost of square magnesium cement sand barriers with the size of 1.0 m×1.0 m is the highest. When using the same material, the cost of regular hexagonal sand barriers is lower than that of square sand barriers with the same size. When using the same size, the cost of sand barriers with corn stalk material is lower than that of sand barriers with other materials. Based on the above analysis, we can conclude that the economic benefits of regular hexagonal sand barriers are greater than those of square sand barriers. This study provides a theoretical basis for accurately calculating the material cost of sand barriers, particularly for the estimated cost of mechanized sand barrier engineering projects.     

维生素A对肠道屏障及其相关疾病的影响——以肠道感染性疾病和孤独谱系障碍为例

维生素A是人体不可或缺,且最易缺少的脂溶性化合物。介绍了维生素A的生理功能及维生素A缺乏症,综述了维生素A对肠道屏障、肠道感染性疾病和孤独谱系障碍儿童的影响,以期为研究维生素A参与机体相关疾病的功能提供新思路。     

植物远缘杂交育种现状与展望

远缘杂交能有效地打破种、属间的隔离,获得远缘杂交新种质资源,进一步拓宽栽培品种的遗传基础,提高其生产潜力,培育出特异性强的植物新类型。但是,远缘杂交中经常存在各种障碍,影响这些优异种质资源的利用。为此,对远缘杂交的重要性和应用、远缘杂交障碍方式以及克服杂交障碍的方法、远缘杂种的鉴定方法进行了全面的概述,并在此基础上对今后鼠尾草属植物远缘杂交育种工作进行展望。     

新型生物可降解PLA沙障与传统草方格沙障防风效益

为了解新型材料生物可降解聚乳酸纤维(PLA)沙障防风效益,通过测定PLA沙障样地内不同高度风速,分别研究1 m×1 m、2 m×2 m、3 m×3 m规格PLA沙障防风效能、地表粗糙度与风速廓线特征,同时以相同坡位同种规格的传统半隐蔽式麦草沙障样地和流动沙丘为对照,对比研究了PLA沙障与传统麦草沙障的防风效益。结果表明,新型生物可降解PLA沙障防风效能显著大于麦草沙障,2种类型沙障最大差值可达10.3%,2种材料沙障不同规格防护效果为1 m×1 m规格较其他2种规格更好;2种材料沙障增加地表粗糙度表现为PLA沙障麦草沙障流动沙丘,且均随规格增大呈逐渐下降趋势,在相同地形条件下,PLA沙障地表粗糙度均值为麦草沙障的1.4倍;2种材料沙障在迎风坡坡底、坡中、坡顶及背风坡4种地形下地表粗糙度差异不明显,其地表粗糙度均值为0.7 cm;1 m×1 m规格的PLA方格沙障和麦草沙障内的风速廓线曲线呈现“S”型曲线特征,而在2 m×2 m和3 m×3 m规格的2种材料沙障内,风速廓线与对照裸沙丘相似,其风速廓线均呈指数函数分布。随着沙障规格的增大,降低风速作用减弱,其风速廓线逐渐由“S”型趋向于指数函数曲线。      

精氨酸对仔猪肠道机械屏障的影响及相关机理

肠道屏障功能具有抵御病原菌和毒素入侵机体的能力,肠道机械屏障是其中最重要的一道屏障。精氨酸可以直接或间接影响肠道机械屏障,文章从精氨酸对猪肠道黏膜生长、绒毛高、细胞生长、肠道通透性等方面简述精氨酸在仔猪肠道屏障功能中的重要作用;并从m TOR信号通路及NO途径等方面对精氨酸影响仔猪肠道机械屏障的机理进行阐述,为深入认识精氨酸在肠道屏障中的作用提供参考。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

复方术苦芩提取液对腹泻小鼠iIELs及十二指肠INF-γ、IL-4 mRNA转录的影响

旨在研究复方术苦芩提取液对腹泻小鼠小肠上皮内淋巴细胞（intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte,iIELs）及十二指肠INF-γ、IL-4 mRNA转录的影响。将72只小鼠随机分为6个组,分别为空白组、感染组、阳性药物组（黄芪多糖口服液,浓度为1.2 mg·mL^-1）和药物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（复方术苦芩提取液,生药浓度分别为0.1、1和10 mg·mL^-1）。除空白组外,小鼠连续给药7 d[灌胃0.5 mL·（次·d）^-1]后腹腔注射5×10⁷ CFU大肠杆菌,并将感染组小鼠出现腹泻时设定为试验0 h。于试验6 h和4 d时各处死6只小鼠,制作小肠病理切片并计数iIELs数量,qRT-PCR分析十二指肠段INF-γ、IL-4 mRNA水平。结果显示：阳性药物组和药物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组对腹泻小鼠的保护率分别为66.7%、50.0%、66.7%、75.0%。试验6 h时,与空白组相比,感染组小鼠iIELs数量增加,十二指肠INF-γ mRNA水平降低、IL-4 mRNA水平增高,差异均极显著（P<0.01）;与感染组相比,阳性药物组和药物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠iIELs数量减少,阳性药物组和药物Ⅲ组小鼠十二指肠INF-γ mRNA水平增高、IL-4 mRNA水平降低。试验4 d时,与空白组相比,感染组小鼠十二指肠和回肠的iIELs数量增加,空肠iIELs数量减少,其十二指肠INF-γ、IL-4 mRNA水平增高,差异均极显著（P<0.01）;与感染组相比,阳性药物组和药物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠十二指肠和回肠的iIELs数量（Ⅰ组十二指肠除外）均减少,空肠iIELs数量增加,阳性药物组和药物Ⅲ组十二指肠段INF-γ、IL-4 mRNA水平均降低。结果表明,复方术苦芩提取液通过调控小鼠小肠iIELs数量,平衡十二指肠INF-γ/IL-4 mRNA转录,达到对小鼠腹泻的保护作用。     

绿色壁垒对我国农产品国际贸易的影响及应对措施

在分析了绿色壁垒对农业生产和农产品国际贸易的正反两方面影响的基础上 ,就我国如何应对绿色壁垒提出若干建议措施。